• Vignette 1: Disclosure of Radiological Error

  • The correct answer to Question 2 is either B (“the calcifications are larger and are now suspicious for cancer) or C (“the calcifications may have increased on your last mammogram, but their appearance was not as worrisome as they are now”).  

    When these breast imagers were asked what information they would disclose to the patient, after telling her that there were suspicious calcifications, 24% reported that they would “not say anything further to the patient,” 31% “the calcifications are larger and are now suspicious for cancer,” 30% “the calcifications may have increased on your last mammogram, but their appearance was not as worrisome as it is now,” and 15% “an error occurred during the interpretation of your last mammogram, and the calcifications had actually increased in number, not decreased.”

    In other words, radiologists in this survey were generally reluctant to disclose the error, and only 15% would opt to provide the full truth to the patient openly and transparently.

     


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Discounted Dues: Eligible North American Countries 
Belize
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatamala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
Nicaragua
Panama
St.Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Botswana
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Republic of
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Dominica
Domicican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Fiji
Gambia, The
Georgia
Ghana
Grenada
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
Jamaica
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo*
Kyrgyzstan
Lao PDR
Laos

 

Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands Antilles
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Phillippines
Rwanda
Samoa
Sao Tome & Principe
Senegal
Somalia
South Africa
Sri Lanka
St Lucia
St Vincent & Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Syria
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vietnam
West Bank & Gaza
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe

 

Tier 1

  • Bed count: 1-400
  • Associate College: Community, Technical, Further Education (UK), Tribal College
  • Community Public Library (small scale): general reference public library, museum, non-profit administration office

Tier 2

  • Bed count: 401-750
  • Baccalaureate College or University: Bachelor's is the highest degree offered
  • Master's College or University: Master's is the highest degree offered
  • Special Focus Institution: theological seminaries, Bible colleges, engineering, technological, business, management, art, music, design, law

Tier 3

  • Bedcount: 751-1 000
  • Research University: high or very high research activity without affiliated medical school
  • Health Profession School: non-medical, but health focused

Tier 4

  • Bed count: 1,001 +
  • Medical School: research universities with medical school, including medical centers

Tier 5

  • Consortia: academic, medical libraries, affiliated hospitals, regional libraries and other networks
  • Corporate
  • Government Agency and Ministry
  • Hospital System
  • Private Practice
  • Research Institute: government and non-government health research
  • State or National Public Library
  • Professional Society: trade unions, industry trade association, lobbying organization